How Student’s Mental Health Affected During The Covid- 19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

As the world continues to battle the day to day issues of the coronavirus pandemic, one aspect is the increasing problem of mental health for students. As schools have closed down and had suddenly transitioned to online classes. The model is currently the best alternative as keeping schools open poses a safety risk for students. Students with pre-existing mental health problems such as stress disorder, general anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, depression, or loneliness have become more vulnerable due to lockdown policies and showed itself in different ways. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, school closings and social/physical distancing have created a level of social isolation previously unseen across the globe. This upend, for many, can have profound consequences on one’s mental health. This paper aims to investigate the mental health status of student due to the policy response to Covid-19 Pandemic. The database searches used include Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, frontiersin, World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research.


BACKGROUND
The 2019 coronavirus outbreak  has become an international concern since the first case occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of December 2019 . In March 2020, WHO made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic (Kontoangelos et al., 2020). The transmission are yet to be determined but the general transmission of respiratory viruses happens through droplets. (Suryadevara et al., 2020). Since the droplets travel approximately 1-meterin air, person to person transmission possibly occurs between close contacts. It is advised to frequently clean the hands with soap or alcohol-based sanitizers and to follow stand hygiene measures because the contaminated hands is reported to carry the virus into the body (Suryadevara et al., 2020) This large scale, infectious, public health event, imposed enormous pressure on the government, medical and healthcare providers, and the general public (Cao et al., 2020). Along with being a major public health concern, this pandemic has led to drastic social, economic, academic and political disruptions globally. Governments have adopted strict precautionary measures in order to mitigate its effects and reduce the spread of the disease including reduction of public gathering, the closure of public places like shopping malls, commercial areas as well as educational institutes (Shan et al., 2020).
Unlike individual level traumatic events, the COVID-19 outbreak has been a continuing crisis for every member of society (Tang et al., 2020). However, a long-term and strict isolation policy widely used to ensure social distancing will result in important changes to young individuals' social networks and behaviors, such as it is expected to influence the mental health of college students . There have been reports on the psychological impact of the epidemic on the general public, patients, medical staff, children, and older adults (Cao et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2020) Providing crisis education and psychological intervention to young people through traditional school education and community programs becomes concern immediately. Therefore, we investigated and analyzed the mental health status of college students during the epidemic for the following purposes to analyze the impact of isolation policies and the spread of COVID-19 on student's mental health and proposed an effective intervention strategy.

OBJECTIVE
Analyze the impact of isolation policies and the spread of COVID-19 on student's mental health.

METHODS
The method used in the review literature uses strategies in a comprehensive manner, such as search for articles in research journal databases, internet searches, review article. The database searches used include Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, frontiersin, World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. Keywords used in the search of the article was student, covid-19, mental health, epidemic, college by getting 19 articles and only 9 articles that were used through goal analysis, topic suitability , research methods used, sample size, the results of each article, and limitations that occur.

DISCUSSION
Students were afflicted with experienced higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression because of the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, the students' anxiety may have been caused by the gradually increasing distances between people resulting from the quarantine. Students with preexisting mental health problems such as general anxiety disorder (GAD) or depression have become more vulnerable due to lockdown policies. More than the lack of social contact and activities, the dramatic disruption of routines, and the burden of online classes, have added a negative aspect to their conditions. Online learning that limits physical interaction causes no social interaction, Lack of social support makes students experience emotional disturbances. In the economic aspects, the stability of family income was also was a significant factor in students' experienced anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis, which could be explained by increased psychological and economic pressure. Universities serve an essential role in supporting college students and accommodating their health, education, and safety needs. During the pandemic, the courses of action implemented being flipped the switch and focused on remote education instead of in-person classes. Although this transition can lead to acute stress among some students due to the lack of time for adjustment, remote learning allows college students to sustain their academic routine which is found to benefit mental health and psychological resilience in the long term. Every educational institution may think of establishing a mental health posts that comprises of a psychiatrist or psychologist and dean and senior faculty members of the institute Family nurse in this context to keep the mental balance of the family who supports the student. Regular online counseling can be planned along with the online classes. It is equally important to counsel the parents along with the students. Regular monitoring of the stress levels using the online tools can be done to prevent the student to enter into the state of depression.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (if any):
The authors wish to thank all research collaborators from Kadiri University. .

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
How student in a department that has a skill in his competence in the form of online learning, especially clinical skills in the case of medical students, engineering students. and how regulation of