The Effect of Baby Massage on Improvement Baby Weight

The problem experienced by toddlers is that growth disorders in Indonesia have started to emerge from children aged 1-6 months, so that efforts are needed to reduce the rate of growth disorders or to or to increase weight presentation. Increasing body weight is an indicator of infant health that can be used as a benchmark for infant growth. Body weight is the most important anthropometric measure and is most often used in newborns (neonates). One of the treatments that can be done to increase body weight is by giving massage to babies. Baby massage can stimulate the penvernaan hormones insulin and gaselin, so that food absorption becomes better. This causes babies to feel hungry quickly so they eat more often and gain weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The method in this study is a literature review, which tries to explore how the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. The results in this study indicate that the results of 6 previous studies indicate that there is a significant effect of infant massage on the increase in infant body weight. The conclusion in this study is that massage in infants can increase the baby's weight. This is because the massage that is carried out regularly on babies is used to massage the legs, stomach, chest, hands, back, and stretching movements can increase the baby's weight. The massage will cause nerve action potential that stimulates the vagus nerve.


INTRODUCTION
Countries around the world in 2010 in order to accelerate human development and poverty eradication have a joint commitment known as Millenium Development Goals (MDGs), and is expected to be achieved in 2015. Program objectives MDGs in Indonesia, one of which is the reduction of child mortality, namely by creating a national program to reduce the number of infant and under-five mortality including low birth weight (LBW).
The human development index is determined by the level of public health. Based on data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (SDKI, 2017), the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high, namely 24 deaths per 1,000 live births. The high IMR in Indonesia is mostly related to nutritional factors at 53%. Some of the diseases that arise due to malnutrition include pneumonia (20%) and diarrhea (15%) (Ministry of Health RI, 2013).
Growth includes increased weight, height, head and arm size, teeth, and several other body changes. While growth in children includes motor, sensory, cognitive and psychosocial. (Susanto, A. 2014) The problem experienced by toddlers is that growth disorders in Indonesia have started to emerge from children aged 1-6 months, so that efforts are needed to reduce the rate of growth disorders or to or to increase weight presentation. (Jahari, et al. 2000) Increasing body weight is an indicator of infant health that can be used as a measure of infant growth. Body weight is the most important anthropometric measure and is most often used in newborns (neonates). Birth weight is used to diagnose normal or low birth weight (LBW) babies. It is called low birth weight (LBW) if the baby is born under 2500 grams or under 2.5 kg. In infancy / toddlerhood, body weight can be used to see the rate of physical growth and nutritional status (Nursalam, et al. 2013).
One of the recommended stimuli is baby massage. Baby massage, also known as tactile stimulation, is the art of health care and medicine that has been practiced for centuries. Baby massage, among other things, can stimulate the penvernaan hormones insulin and gaselin, so that food absorption becomes better. This causes babies to feel hungry quickly so they eat more often and gain weight. (Vivian, 2010) The increase in children's body weight in the first year of life when the child gets better nutrition from birth to 6 months of weight gain per week of 140-200 grams. Babies weigh twice their birth weight at the end of the first 6 months. Meanwhile, at the age of 6-12 months, body weight increases per week ranging from 85-400 grams. Body weight will increase 3 times body weight at the end of the first year of birth (Hidayat, 2008) Some studies suggest that baby massage can stimulate the vagus nerve, which increases intestinal peristalsis, which regulates the function of organs including the chest and abdomen. Stimulation of the vagus nerve (parasympathetic nerve) will stimulate the stomach to release the hormone gastrin. On the other hand, massage also improves blood circulation and increases cell metabolism, from which the baby's weight will increase. This is supported by studies showing the results that premature babies who were massaged three times fifteen minutes for ten days, gained 20-47% more weight than babies who were not massaged. (Field, at all, 1986) Based on this background, the authors are interested in making a literature review entitled "The Effect of Infant Massage on Baby Weight Gain"

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Researchers chose literature review as the research method in this paper, which tries to explore how the effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. Sources for conducting this literature review include systematic computerized database search studies (Pubmed, Pro Quest, and google scholar). Literature review is a research methodology that aims to collect and take the essence of previous research and analyze some of the expert's overview written in the text. (Snyder, 2019)

RESULTS
Several studies have shown that there is an effect of infant massage on infant weight gain. This can be seen in the following

DISCUSSION
Baby massage is a therapy or health care art that has long been known by humans and is a treatment that has been practiced since the beginning of humans being created in the world, because the process is related to human pregnancy and birth. Humans experience the first experience of being massaged at birth in the world with the birth process where they have to leave the warm uterus and pass through a narrow birth canal, causing traumatic experiences and anxiety. Touch and massage the baby that is done immediately after birth will make the baby maintain a sense of security after being guaranteed contack with the baby's body (Roesli, 2013).
Baby massage is also called touch therapy which means it is a technique that combines the physical benefits of human touch with emotional benefits such as bonding. Infant massage is also an alternative effort to achieve the simplest degree of health that can be done at home, in addition, baby massage can also lead to an inner contact between children and parents (Pratyahara, 2012). Massage is a form of touch therapy that serves as an important treatment technique (Kalbe, H. 2001). Massage in infants can increase the baby's weight. This is because babies who are massaged have increased levels of absorption enzymes and insulin so that absorption of food juices is better. As a result, babies become hungry quickly and therefore breastfeed more frequently, thereby increasing milk production. Massage also increases the mechanism of absorption of food by the vagus nerve so that the baby's appetite will also increase which can directly increase the baby's weight (Syaukani, 2015).
The activity of the Nervus Vagus is influenced by the absorption of food, that in infants who are massaged, the tone of the nervus vagus (10 th brain nerve) will increase which will cause an increase in levels of the enzyme absorption of gastrin and insulin. Thus, the absorption of food will be better with the massage than the one not massaged. (Field, at all. 1986) The results showed that babies who were massaged regularly from birth often gained weight faster than others, perhaps because massage stimulated the production of growth hormones.
Other benefits of baby massage are that it can develop communication, reduce stress or pressure and reduce pain disorders or reduce pain. The mother can increase milk production, understand baby's cues, increase self-confidence and understand the baby's needs. In addition, the benefits of baby massage in general are that it can increase endurance, improve blood circulation and respiration, stimulate digestive and excretory functions, increase weight gain, reduce stress and tension, increase alertness, make sleep more soundly, reduce pain (such as flatulence and abdominal pain), improves the inner connection between parent and baby, and increases the production of breast milk. (Subakti, 2008) CONCLUSION Based on the research results, it can be concluded that massage in infants can increase the baby's weight. This is because the massage that is carried out regularly on babies is used to massage the legs, stomach, chest, hands, back, and stretching movements can increase the baby's weight. The massage will result in the potential for nerve action that stimulates the vagus and then stimulates an increase in intestinal peristalsis, so that food absorption in the body will be maximized. Massage in babies can also improve blood circulation and increase cell metabolism, so that the baby's weight will increase. Based on the results of the study, it was also concluded that there was an effect of massage on babies on weight gain.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks to Stikes Yarsi Mataram and friends of the Undergraduate Program Midwifery Study Program who have provided a lot of input and suggestions for the implementation of this research.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
In this study the authors have an interest in seeing how the effect of infant massage techniques on infant weight gain.