Kelud Community Activities in Disaster Management

Background: Society is an important element in a nation, especially in disaster management. Based on the law, one of the obligations of the community in disaster management is to carry out disaster management activities so that this requires every Indonesian citizen to play an active role in disaster management activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the activities carried out by the Kelud slope community in disaster management that had been carried out. Methods : design of this research is a qualitative phenomenological study, data collection is carried out using online Focus Group Discussion. The participants in this study were good community leaders consisting of government elements, disaster preparedness teams, and the general public. Data analysis was carried out based on a qualitative research design. Results: The results of this study show that community activities in disaster management are following the experiences that have been carried out in the pre-disaster, during, and postdisaster phases. Conclusion : Communities in the Kelud slope area are active in volcanic eruption disaster management activities that are resilient in dealing with volcanic eruptions.


INTRODUCTION
Disaster is a series of events that threaten and disrupt human life which results in loss of life, environmental damage, and loss of property (21). Natural disasters are events that are routine in Indonesia (1), this is because Indonesia is a country that has a wide archipelago, has 129 active volcanoes, located at the confluence of three active tectonic plates in the world (5). Based on these data, the Indonesian Archipelago as a whole can experience volcanic eruptions with different strengths and different eruption intensities (4). The decline in the disaster risk index is a national medium-term development target, the parameter for reducing the disaster risk index is the vulnerability of the community. Community vulnerability can be reduced by increasing the capacity, ability, and knowledge of the community, especially in people who are in high disaster risk areas (1). Kelud is one of the active volcanoes in East Java Province, this mountain is located on the border of 3 regencies, namely Kediri, Blitar, and Malang. There are 3 types of eruption characteristics of Mount Kelud, namely 1) Semi magmatic eruptions that occur due to evaporation of seeping crater lake water, 2) magmatic eruptions that occur are explosive, 3) Effusive Eruptions where magma flows to the surface or flows towards the slopes (15). The year 2014 was recorded in the history of the eruption of Mount Kelud as the largest eruption of the century because the impact of the eruption resulted in some bands on the island of Java being forced to stop operating.
Disasters are natural or non-natural events that can happen to anyone who causes damage that can have an impact on biological, psychological, and spiritual elements felt by individuals or communities in a nation and state (2). Disaster risk is part of the potential loss due to disasters felt by an area in the form of illness, loss of sense of security and comfort, loss of property, and even death (14,22). Disaster management is a series of activities carried out to reduce the impact of disasters by establishing a policy, disaster prevention activities (22). Disaster management activities that can be carried out are conducting community-based risk reduction where risk management actively involves the community (14). Community-based disaster risk management is an activity carried out in the community by increasing the community's ability to deal with disasters (17). This activity is based on the stages of disaster management, namely the pre-disaster stage, emergency response stage, rehabilitation stage, and reconstruction stage (1). The Kelud community is one of the people who can adapt to the impact of the volcanic eruption where the community is always ready to face disasters that can occur at any time. Based on this description, this research is designed to find out how community activities in disaster management are based on stages.

METHOD
Design of this research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach where this study aims to describe the experiences of participants in the disaster management activities of Mount Kelud erupting. Participants in this study were people who were affected when Mount Kelud erupted, located in the districts of Kepung and Puncu, which consisted of government elements, disaster management teams, and the general public. Data collection was done by conducting online Fogus Group Discussions. Data collection was carried out by dividing into 2 groups, namely the Kepung sub-district group and the Puncu sub-district group. The validity of the data was carried out using a data triangulation technique data sources with Jangkar Kelud and the head Team Siaga Bencana Daerah (TSBD)

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Result Demographic Caracteristics
Participants in this study amounted to 15 consisting of 3 women and 12 men, the age of participants was more than 26 years. All participants have been involved in the disaster management activities of Mount Kelud erupting based on personal experience. (See Table 1 When Mount Kelud erupted, the activities carried out by the community and the TSBD team were 1) Emptying the red and yellow zones, evacuating residents to refugee camps, 2) Assessing the needs of residents in evacuation centers.

DISCCUSION
A community is a group of people living who interact with each other in a certain area who have a high sense of solidarity, have the same goals and needs, for example living in an environment exposed to the risk of a hazard, having the same worries and expectations about disasters (13). Disaster management in social groups is a reference in disaster management strategies so that it needs to be developed and applied to people who experience a disaster threat in their daily lives. Disaster management in the community is closely related to the pattern of community knowledge of a disaster threat and how they behave in dealing with disasters (11). Individual community preparedness in disaster management actions is the key to success in evacuating (20), Imperiale, Angelo et all. The success of post-disaster interventions strictly depends on accountability and the participation of local people (8). Volcanic eruption disaster management is divided into three parts, namely preparation before the eruption, during the eruption, and after the eruption. Activities carried out before the eruption include 1) Monitoring and observing activities on all active volcanoes, 2) Making and providing maps of disaster-prone areas, 3) Implementing permanent procedures for dealing with volcanic eruptions, 4) Increasing human and supporting resources such as improving facilities. and infrastructure. The activities carried out during the eruption were 1) Forming a fast-moving team, 2) Increasing monitoring and observation supported by the addition of more adequate equipment, 3) Increasing activity level reporting according to the flow and reporting frequency as needed, 4) Providing recommendations to the local government according to the procedure. Activities after the eruption are 1) Inventory data, including the distribution and volume of eruption results, 2) Identify areas threatened with danger, 3) Provide short-term and long-term herd arrangements, 4) Repair damaged monitoring facilities (1).

CONCLUSION
Disaster management activities carried out by communities around Mount Kelud, communities in areas prone to eruptions of Mount Kelud as a whole are based on individual experiences. The ability of the community to carry out disaster management activities for Mount Kelud erupting is proof that the people who live in this area are always ready to deal with volcanic eruptions. The people of Gunung Kelud can live and adapt to disasters that can happen at any time.